Basic inspection of CNC wood carving machine

1. Mechanical structure fastening

-Check all screws, guide rails, sliders, and couplings for looseness, especially the fixing screws of the spindle, motor, and transmission components (such as screws and belts).

-Ensure that the rack is not deformed and the workbench is flat (can be checked with a ruler or level).

2. Transmission system status

-Screw/Belt/Rack: Remove dust and debris, check for wear or deformation. The screw needs to be lubricated (using specialized grease).

-Guide rail and slider: After cleaning, apply guide rail oil and manually move the slider to feel if there is any jamming (wear parts need to be replaced).

Calibrate the motion axis (X/Y/Z axis) of CNC wood carving machine

1. Verticality calibration

-Z-axis perpendicular to the table:

Use a square or dial gauge:

-Place the square ruler tightly against the table and Z-axis pillar, and observe the gap; Alternatively, use a dial gauge to fix it on the spindle, with the stylus in contact with the table, and move the Z-axis to check for deviation.

-If the deviation is significant, adjust the fixing screws or washers of the Z-axis column.

-The X/Y axes are perpendicular to each other:

Carve a square (e.g. 100mm x 100mm) and measure the diagonal length (theoretical value should be 141.42mm). If the diagonal error is greater than 0.1mm, the guide rail or motor parameters need to be adjusted.

2. Repetitive positioning accuracy

-Mark a reference point within each axis of travel and measure with a dial gauge:

-Command the machine to move a certain distance (such as 100mm) and return to the origin, and observe whether the dial gauge reading returns to zero.

-Repeating multiple times, the error should be less than 0.02mm (high-end machines) or less than 0.1mm (ordinary machines).

3. Reverse clearance (back clearance) detection

-Fixed dial gauge, with the contact pin pressed against the spindle or worktable:

-Move a certain axis (e.g.+X 10mm), then move it in the opposite direction (- X 10mm), and record the difference in the dial gauge (i.e. backlash).

-If the backlash is greater than 0.05mm: adjust the pre tightening force of the screw nut or enable the backlash compensation parameter of the control system.

 Calibration of CNC wood carving machine spindle and cutting tools

1. Radial runout of spindle

-Install inspection rods or tools and use a dial gauge to measure the swing of the tool tip when rotating.

-High quality spindle runout should be less than 0.01mm; if it is greater than 0.03mm, the spindle bearings or clamps need to be checked.

2. The cutting tool is perpendicular to the table surface

-Rotate the tool and use a dial gauge to measure the readings of the tool handle at different positions, ensuring that the overall deviation is less than 0.02mm.

Control system and electrical inspection of CNC wood carving machine

1. Motor step angle

-Enter the command to move a certain axis (such as 100mm) and measure the actual distance with a ruler. If the deviation is large, adjust the "steps/mm" parameter of the control software (if the original parameter is 80 and the actual movement is 90mm, then the new parameter=80 × 100/90).

2. Driver current and subdivision

-Ensure that the driver current matches the motor power and that the subdivision settings are reasonable (too high may cause step loss, too low may affect accuracy).

Testing CNC wood carving machine machining and correction

1. Trial engraving of standard graphics

-Carving concentric circles, squares, or jagged lines, measuring dimensional errors:

-Dimensional deviation: Adjust step pitch parameters or mechanical transmission ratios.

-Burr/misalignment: Check spindle runout, tool sharpness, or cutting parameters (feed rate/speed).

2. Dynamic accuracy testing

-High speed carving of complex paths (such as spiral lines), observing for shaking or deviation, may require reducing acceleration/velocity.

Suggestions for the working environment and maintenance of CNC wood carving machines

-Temperature and humidity: Avoid thermal expansion and contraction of metal components, and maintain a constant temperature in the workshop.

-Regular maintenance: clean the guide rail, lubricate the screw, and check the belt tension.

-Tool selection: Use high-precision clamps (such as ER clamps) and high-quality tools.

Troubleshooting of common problems with CNC wood carving machine

-Unstable size: Check for motor step loss (insufficient drive current or excessive load) and coupling slippage.

-Uneven carving surface patterns: Adjust the spindle speed to match the feed rate, or check the parallelism of the Z-axis guide rail.

By following the above steps, the accuracy issues of CNC wood carving machines can be gradually eliminated. If the problem persists, it is recommended to check the wear of the servo system or mechanical components.

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